Contributed by the University of Redlands: - Susan B. Goldstein, Jessica T. Barry, Christina M. Bradford, Alison K. Corti, Mary J. DaSilva, Kristina C. Garrison, Emily R. Long, Faviola Medina, Briana H. Norman, Gianna M. Pantanini, Laura J. Remy, Mende Romaniak, Denise M. School, Mary K. Sponaugle, Jeffrey J. West, and Valarie N. Williams
Readings on the Psychology of Media and Social Issues
Children and Advertising
Bakir, A., Blodgett, J. G., & Rose, G. M. (2008). Children’s responses to gender-role
stereotyped advertisements. Journal of Advertising Research, 48, 255-266.
Chan, K., & McNeal, J. U. (2004). Children’s understanding of television advertising: A revisit in the Chinese context. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165, 28-36.
Desrochers, D. M., & Holt, D. J. (2007). Children’s exposure to television advertising: Implications for childhood obesity. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 26, 182-201.
Halford, J. C., Gillespie, J., Brown, V., Pontin, E. E., & Dovey, T. M. (2004). Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children. Appetite, 42, 221-225.
Neeley, S. M., & Schumann, D. W. (2004). Using animated spokes-characters in advertising to young children: Does increasing attention to advertising necessarily lead to product preference? Journal of Advertising, 33, 7-23.
Oates, C., Blades, M., & Gunter, B. (2001). Children and television advertising: When do they understand persuasive intent? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1, 238-245.
Owen, L., Auty, S., Lewis, C., & Berridge, D. (2007). Children’s understanding of
advertising: An investigation using verbal and pictorially cued methods. Infant and Child Development, 16, 617-628.
Pine, K. J., & Nash, A. (2002). Dear Santa: The effects of television advertising on young children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 529-539.
Pine, K. J., Wilson, P., & Nash, A. S. (2007). The relationship between television
advertising, children’s viewing and their requests to father Christmas. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 28, 456-461.
Strasburger, V. C. (2001). Children and TV advertising: Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 22, 185-187. Top of page
Children, Teens, and Internet Use
Greenfield, P. (2004). Developmental considerations for determining appropriate Internet use guidelines for children and adolescents. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 751-762.
Greenfield, P. (2004). Inadvertent exposure to pornography on the Internet: Implications of peer-to-peer file-sharing networks for child development and families. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 741-750.
Greenfield, P., Gross, E. F., Subrahmanyam, K., Suzuki, L. K., & Tynes, B. (2006). Teens on the Internet: Interpersonal connection, identity, and information. In R. Kraut, M. Brynin, & S. Kiesler, (Eds.) Computers, phones, and the Internet: Domesticating information technology (pp. 185-200). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gross, E. F. (2004). Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what teens report. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 633-649.
Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P., & Kraut, R., & Gross, E. F.(2001). The impact of computer use on children’s and adolescents’ development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 22, 7-30.
Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P., & Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 651-666.
Tynes, B., Reynolds, L., & Greenfield, P. (2004). Adolescence, race, and ethnicity on the Internet: A comparison of discourse in monitored vs. unmonitored chat rooms. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 667-684. Top of page
Cyberbullying
Beran, T., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment: A new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32, 265-277.
Finn, J. (2004). A survey of online harassment at a campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 468-483.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29, 1-29.
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students, Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30.
Li, Q. (2005). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777-1791.
Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents, Developmental Psychology, 43, 564-575.
Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 49, 147-154.
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
Stomfay-Stitz, A., & Wheeler, E. (2007). Cyberbullying and our middle school girls. Childhood Education, 83, 308J – 308K.
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & Finkelfor, D. (2006). Examining characteristics and associated distress related to Internet harassment: Findings from the Second Youth Internet Safety Study, Pediatrics, 118, 1169-1177.
Exposure to Media Violence
Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation. American Psychologist,56, 477-489.
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Media violence and the American public revisited. American Psychologist, 57, 448-450.
Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., & Eubanks, J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 960-971.
Boyatzis, C .J., Matillo, G. M., & Nesbitt, K. M. (1995). Effects of the “The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers” on children’s aggression with peers. Child Study Journal, 25, 45-55.
Brady, S. (2007). Young adults’ media use and attitudes toward interpersonal and institutional forms of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 519-525.
Browne, K. D., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public-health approach. Lancet (North American Edition), 365, 702-710.
Bushman, B.J., & Huesmann, R., (2006). Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 348-352.
Feshbach, S., & Tangney, J., (2008). Television viewing and aggression: some alternative
perspectives. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 387-389.
Haridakis, P. M., & Runin, A. M. (2003). Motivation for watching television violence and viewer aggression. Mass Communication and Society, 6, 29-56.
Hopf, W. H., Huber, G. L., & Weiß, R. H. (2008). Media violence and youth violence: A 2-year longitudinal study. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications. 20, 79-96.
Huesmann, L. R. (2007). The impact of electronic media violence: Scientific theory and research. Journal of Adolescent Health. 41, S6-S13.
Huesmann, L. R., & Taylor, L. D. (2006). The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health. 27, 393-415.
Krcmar, M., & Cooke, M. C. (2001). Children’s moral reasoning and their perceptions of
television violence. Journal of Communication, 51, 300-316.
Murray, J. P. (2007). Historically, how have researchers studied the effects of media violence on youth? In S. R. Mazzarella (Ed.), 20 Questions about youth and the media (pp. 135-151), New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Savage, J., & Yancey, C. (2008). The effects of media violence exposure on criminal aggression: A meta-analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35, 772-791.
Sherry, J. L. (2001). The effects of violent video games on aggression: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, 27, 409-431.
Tambrini, R., Eastin, M. S., Skalski, P., Lachlan, K., Fediuk, T. A., & Brady, R. (2004). Violent virtual video games and hostile thoughts. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 335-357.
Weber, R., Ritterfeld, U., & Mathiak, K. (2006). Does playing violent video games induce aggression? Empirical evidence of a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Media Psychology, 8, 39-60.
Gender, Media, and Body Image Bessenoff, G. R., & Del Priore, R. E. (2007). Women, weight, and age: Social comparison to magazine images across the lifespan, Sex Roles, 56, 215-222.
Cattarin, J. A., Thompson, J. K., Thomas, C., & Williams, R. (2000). Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness: The role of social comparison. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 19, 220-239.
Cohen, S. (2006). Media exposure and the subsequent effects on body dissatisfaction,
distorted eating, and drive for thinness: A review of the current research. Wesleyan Journal of Psychology, 1, 57-71.
Groesz, L.M., Levine, M.P., & Murnen, S.K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A Meta-Analytic Review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 1-16.
Haas, C. F., A. Champion, & Secor, D. (2008). Motivating factors for seeking cosmetic surgery: A synthesis of the literature. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 28, 177-182.
Hargreaves, D., & Tiggemann, M. (2002). The effect of television commercials on mood and body dissatisfaction: The role of appearance-schema activation. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 21, 287-308.
Hargreaves, D., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). The effect of “thin ideal” television
commercials on body dissatisfaction and schema activation during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 367-373.
Harrison, K. (2000). The body-electric: Thin-ideal media and eating disorders in adolescents. Journal of Communication, 15, 119-143.
Harrison, K. (2000). Television viewing, fat stereotyping, body shape standards, and eating disorder symptomatology in grade school children. Communication Research, 27, 617-640.
Harrison, K. (2003). Television viewers' ideal body proportions: The case of the curvaceously thin woman. Sex Roles, 48, 255-264.
Mackay, N., & Covell, K. (1997). The impact on women in advertisements on attitudes towards women. Sex Roles, 36, 573-583.
Mazzeo, S. E., Trace, S. E., Mitchell, K. S., & Gow, R. W. (2007). Effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover program on eating disordered attitudes and behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 8, 390-397.
Nabi, R. L. (2009). Cosmetic surgery makeover programs and intentions to undergo cosmetic enhancements: A consideration of three models of media effects. Human Communication Research, 35, 1-27.
Olivardia, R. (2002). Body image obsession in men. Healthy Weight Journal, 16, 59-63.
Oswalt, S., & Wyatt, T. (2007). Mirror, mirror, help me like my body: Examining a body image media campaign. California Journal of Health Promotion, 5, 135-147.
Zimmerman, A., & Dahlberg, J. (2008). The sexual objectification of women in
advertising: A contemporary cultural perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 10, 71-79.
Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Books Anderson, D. A., & Hamilton, M. (2005). Gender role stereotyping of parents in
children's picture books: The invisible father. Sex Roles, 52, 145-151.
Diekman, A. B., & Murnen, S. K. (2004). Learning to be little women and little
men: The inequitable gender equality of nonsexist children's literature. Sex Roles, 50, 373-385.
Frawley, T. J. (2008). Gender schema and prejudicial recall: How children
misremember, fabricate, and distort gendered picture book information. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 22, 291-303.
Gooden, A. M., & Gooden, M. A. (2001). Gender representation in notable
children's picture books: 1995-1999. Sex Roles, 45, 89-101.
Hamilton, M. C., Anderson, D., Broaddus, M., & Young, K. (2006). Gender
stereotyping and under-representation of female characters in 200 popular children's picture books: A Twenty-first Century update. Sex Roles, 55, 757-765.
Inequality in Internet Access Codoban, l. (2005). Internet usage and gender digital divide in a Romanian students' sample. Psychology Journal, 3, 265-291.
Hargittai, E., & Hinnant, A. (2008). Digital inequality: Differences in young adults' use of the Internet. Communication Research, 35, 602-621.
Jackson, L. A., von Eye, A., Biocca, F. A., Barbatsis, G., Zhao, Y., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (2006). Does home Internet use influence the academic performance of low-income children? Developmental Psychology, 42, 429-435.
Kontos, E. Z., Bennett, G. G., & Viswanath, K. (2007). Barriers and facilitators to home computer and Internet use among urban novice computer users of low socioeconomic position. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 9, 24-33.
Mehra, B., Merkel, C., & Bishop, A. P. (2004). The Internet for empowerment of minority and marginalized users. New Media & Society, 6, 781-802.
Recabarren, M., Nussbaum, M., & Leiva, C. (2008). Cultural divide and the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 2917-2926.
Schofield, J. W., & David, A. L. (2004). Achieving equality of student Internet access within schools. In A. H. Eagly, R. M. Baron, & V. L. Hamilton (Eds.), The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice (pp. 97-109). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Wagner, T. H., Bundorf, M. K., Singer, S. J., & Baker, L. C. (2005). Free Internet access, the digital divide, and health information. Medical Care, 43, 415-420.
Internet Addiction Beard, K. W. (2005). Internet addiction: A review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 7-14.
Chou, C., Condron, L., & Belland, J. C. (2005). A review of the research on Internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 363-388.
Demetrovics, Z., Szeredi, B., & Rózsa, S. (2008). The three-factor model of Internet addiction: The development of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 563-574.
Douglas, A. C., Mills, J. E., Niang, M., Stepchenkova, S., Byun, S., Ruffini, C., Lee, S. K., Loutfi, J., Lee, J.-K., Atallah, M., & Blanton, M. (2008). Internet addiction: Meta-synthesis of qualitative research for the decade 1996-2006. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 3027-3044.
Griffiths, M. (2001). Sex on the Internet: Observations and implications for Internet sex addiction. The Journal of Sex Research, 38, 333-342.
Orzack, M. H., & Ross, C. J. (2000). Should virtual sex be treated like other addictions?. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7, 113-125.
Schneider, J. P. (2000). Effects of cybersex addiction on the family: Results of a survey. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7, 31-58.
Shaw, M., & Black, D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: Definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs, 22, 353-365.
Widyanto, L., & Griffiths, M. (2006). 'Internet Addiction': A critical review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4, 31-51.
Yen, J.-Y., Ko, C.-H., Yen, C.-F., Chen, C.-S., & Chen, C.-C. (2009). The association between harmful alcohol use and internet addiction among college students: Comparison of personality. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 218-224.
Media and Attitudes about Mental Illness Diefenbach, D., & West, M. (2007). Television and attitudes toward mental health issues: cultivation analysis and the third-person effect. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 181-193.
Dietrich, S., Heider, D., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. (2006). Influence of newspaper reporting on adolescents’ attitudes toward people with mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 318-322.
Granello, D., & Pauley, P. (2000). Television viewing habits and their relationship to tolerance toward people with mental illness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 22, 162-175.
Jamison, K. R. (2006). The many stigmas of mental illness. Lancet, 367, 533-534.
Kondo, N. (2008). Mental illness in film. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 250-252.
Minnebo, J., & VanAcker, A. (2004). Does television influence adolescents’ perceptions of and attitudes toward people with mental illness? Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 257-275.
Penn, D., Chamberlin, C., & Muser, K. (2003). The effects of a documentary film about schizophrenia on psychiatric stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 383-391.
Wahl, O., Hanrahan, E., Karl, K., Lasher, E., & Swaye, J. (2007). The depiction of mental illnesses in children’s television programs. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 121-133.
Wilson, C., Raymond, N., Coverdale, J., & Panapa, A. (2000). How mental illness is portrayed in children’s television. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 440-443.
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